MANAGEMENT BY … (MANY): EVOLUTION OF THE WEG MODEL FROM DRUCKER TO THE SCALABLE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of Management by Objectives (MBO) from Drucker (1954) through Deyhle’s WEG model (1980) to the concept of Management by… (many) as a scalable approach for VUCA environments. The research focuses on extending Deyhle’s five mechanisms (Objectives, Participation, Delegation, Exception, Results) into ten modules (including Time, Risk, Sustainability, Customer), illustrated through a case study of mangulica pig production.

The limitation of the original WEG model lies in its rigidity when applied to complex value chains. The case highlights operational challenges such as yield efficiency (80%), low mortality (<2%), time constraints (Christmas 2027), and sustainability targets (CO₂ <2 t per pig). Traditional reactive controlling is insufficient, while modern approaches require adaptive, situation-specific management (“each situation has its own Management by…”).
Methodologically, the study combines desk research with a case study, expanding the WEG cycle (Goals → Paths → Design → Results) into ten mechanisms. Results confirm strong performance (profit margin >20%, NPS >85, blockchain traceability for EU PDO certification).
The main contribution is the formulation of Management by… (many) as a dynamic extension of the WEG model, relevant for SMEs. The hypothesis is confirmed: WEG evolves with context. Future research includes pilot validation (2027) and software development.