GIS Odyssey Journal

TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY ANDECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WOOD PRODUCTION IN IKIRE AREA, IREWOLE LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OSUN STATE

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study evaluated the technical efficiency and profitability of wood marketers in Ikire Local Government Area, utilizing data collected from 90 respondents selected via a multistage sampling method. The goal was to look at the social and economic traits of the marketers, check their costs and profits, figure out how efficient they are in using technology, and find out the main problems they face in their work. To do this, information gathered through detailed questionnaires and used descriptive statistics, budget analysis, and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to analyze the data. The results indicated that most respondents were in their active working years and possessed at least a secondary education, suggesting a relatively experienced workforce. The budgetary analysis demonstrated that wood marketing is a profitable business, as total revenue surpassed total costs during the study period. The rate of return on investment ranged from 2.4 to 3.1, confirming that the business generates substantial income. The stochastic frontier results indicated a mean technical efficiency of 0.82, suggesting that marketers operate at 82% of their potential output, with an improvement margin of about 18%. Efficiency levels varied between 0.60 and 0.95, indicating differences among marketers. Input factors like labour, capital, and processing all had a strong positive impact on the output. Labour contributed 0.310, capital contributed 0.401, and processing contributed 0.291. In contrast, getting older made things less efficient, but having more experience and education helped make things more efficient. The main problems found were not enough electricity and high costs for moving things (98.9%), not enough types of wood (86.7%), and not being able to get loans easily (85.6%). The study says that selling wood is still profitable, but it's not as efficient as it could be. It suggests enhancing the power supply, improving credit accessibility, and implementing training programs to boost efficiency

CYBERNER SEMANTIC METAMODEL AS AN INTERMEDIATE LAYER FOR GEOSPATIAL DATA TRANSFORMATION IN CYBERSECURITY SYSTEMS

Jarosław Koszela, Arkadiusz Orzeł — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Modern cybersecurity systems process data from heterogeneous sources, a significant part of which carries geospatial information such as IP address geolocation, geographic coordinates, hostnames, data center identifiers, cloud regions and location data of users and assets. Because widely used schemas – the Elastic Common Schema (ECS), Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) and the Open Cybersecurity
Schema Framework (OCSF) – represent this information in different ways, transformations between them often lead to the loss of semantic context. The article presents a conceptual approach in which the CyberNER semantic metamodel acts as an intermediate layer supporting the transformation of geospatial data between heterogeneous cybersecurity schemas. CyberNER is not another target schema, but an M2-level metamodel based on entities, semantic roles, relationships, attributes and contexts, in which the geospatial layer is a specialization of the semantic core rather than an autonomous domain model. The proposed approach is illustrated with a proof-of-concept transformation example and is expected to increase the completeness and fidelity of the semantic transformation of geospatial data and to reduce information loss in relation to direct transformations based solely on field mapping. The study is conceptual and methodological in character; its main limitation is the lack of large-scale quantitative validation, which is indicated as the direction of further research.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SUITABILITY OF LAND FOR INVESTMENTS IN STANDALONE HIGH-VOLTAGE BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS (BESS)

Jakub Mroczko, Natalia Sajnóg — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this article is to identify and attempt to prioritize the attributes of undeveloped land parcels in the context of their development potential as standalone high-voltage battery energy storage systems (BESS), distinguishing between those that are determining and those that are differentiating. It is assumed that “development potential” refers to the possibility and feasibility of implementing a BESS project on a given plot of land, understood, among other things, through the lens of planning, legal, technical, surveying and agricultural, environmental, and social factors, as well as the risks, time, and costs necessary to bring the plot to a state enabling the project’s implementation. The following research methods were used in this study: (i) examination and evaluation of legal provisions, scientific and industry literature, including a critical review of the literature, (ii) the method of analysis and logical construction, and (iii) an expert scoring method.

ASSESSING TEMPORAL DYNAMICS, GEOMETRY, AND COMPOSITION OF KATWA MUNICIPALITY LANDFILL SITE USING HIGH-RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL DATA AND MACHINE LEARNING-BASED SPECTRAL ANALYSIS

Suman Chatterjee, Anwesha Chattopadhyay — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study attempts to assess and characterize landfill site under Katwa Municipality in Purba Burdwan district, West Bengal, India. The landfill site has grown rapidly in recent years, in an unmanageable manner. The majority of the municipal solid waste is dumped here. Areal and geometric changes over time (from 2017 to 2025) have been assessed and characterized by digitizing the site for the present day and at two other points in the past (2017 and 2021) using Google Earth and its History tool. Existing geometric properties have also been characterized using different indices, including the Shape Index (SI), Compactness (C), Fractal Dimension, and Elongation Ratio (ER). The composition of the waste has been characterized using remotely sensed data by comparing two advanced techniques: Linear Spectral Unmixing and Random Forest-refined Spectral Unmixing. Field visits were conducted, and the materials of composition were identified as follows 1. Plastic, 2. Raw and decomposed organic material, humus, and barren soil and 3. Thin and sparse vegetation cover. The landfill site has grown in size, possibly because more waste is being made. The evaluation of site geometry reveals a deterioration in compactness and regularity, indicating potential deficiencies in planning and waste management oversight. It is clear from what we see that there is too much plastic, either in the form of fully plastic parts or materials that are covered in plastic. The combination of RF and LSU worked better for finding plastic and plants. But LSU by itself might work better for the soil. The results provide important decision-making aid to municipal authorities in improving their landfill practices and waste management activities through remediating waste.

COMMODITY FLOW ANALYSIS OF YAM (DIOSCOREA SPP) IN BENUE NORTH REGION, NIGERIA

Fater Aov Kyegh, Toju Francis Balogun, Thaddeus Aov Kyegh, Joy Chinemerem Simon — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the movement of yam from the Zaki Biam International Yam Market to deficit regions of Nigeria to unravel yam flow pattern/magnitude for economic census while also revealing major distribution destinations. Both primary and secondary data were utilized for the study. Primary data were collected using a questionnaire survey, while secondary data were retrieved from published articles and reports. Data were analyzed using inferential, descriptive statistics, and GIS flow mapping procedures. The study revealed that more yam (4,752,000 tubers) flows from the Zaki Biam yam market to the Southern part of Nigeria than to the Northern part of the country (1,824,000 tubers) as observed in November 2023. It also observed that the volume of the yam distributed is not a function of distance to the source region alone. Other factors, such as market demand, may also play a role, though this study did not directly measure them. The research concluded that flow mapping is powerful and promotes economic understanding, efficiency, and managerial prowess, particularly in commodity distribution, economic statistics, and trend observation, while ensuring food security. The study recommended innovative collaborative efforts between the relevant stakeholders to ensure commodity flow data acquisition and survey for economic census, effective decision-making, and growth.

USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CYBER THREAT DETECTION AND GEOSPATIAL DATA INTEGRITY PROTECTION IN GIS ENVIRONMENTS

Jerzy Stanik, Kazimierz Worwa — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), cloud services, Internet of Things technologies and artificial intelligence has increased the operational importance of geospatial data. At the same time, enterprises using GIS face cyber threats that may disrupt not only IT infrastructure, but also the integrity of spatial data used in decision-making. This article evaluates the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in cyber threat detection and geospatial data integrity protection. The study is based on a single case study of a medium-sized enterprise using GIS, GPS, IoT and SIEM infrastructure. A traditional rule-based system was compared with an AI-supported architecture using quantitative indicators: classification accuracy, precision, Recall, F1-score, false positive rate, mean detection time, integrity violation detection rate and the proposed GIS Integrity Index. The empirical description was supplemented with aggregated operational values adopted as expert-based validation assumptions within the case-study protocol. These values were used to increase methodological transparency, clarify the comparative procedure, and ensure consistent interpretation of the results obtained for the traditional and AI-supported systems. The results indicate improved threat detection and data integrity monitoring following the implementation of AI mechanisms. In the validation set with controlled label consistency, classification accuracy increased from 83.4% to 95.8%, Recall from 80.1% to 95.5%, IDR from 68% to 95%, and GII from 0.91 to 0.98. The findings should be interpreted in the context of a single case study and require further validation in other organizational environments.

MULTI DECADAL ASSESSMENT OF LULC DYNAMICS OF A RAMSAR WETLAND IN HARYANA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES (2001–2024)

Himanshu Grover, Rinku, Vipin Solanki, Poonam Kumari — Fri, 07 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems of the world, serving various benefits to local flora and fauna as well as anthropogenic activities such as tourism, fisheries and so on. They offer various natural, social, and economic activities. Wetlands around the world are suffering degradation because of various human activities around them. One such wetland in this context is Bhindawas wetland in Haryana state of India. A multi decadal comprehensive analysis of its Land Use Land Cover (LULC), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was done with the help of remote sensing and GIS techniques. Google earth engine facilitated the analysis with the help of its in-house availability of various satellite datasets. For this purpose, Landsat 5 TM for the year 2001 and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS for the years of 2014 and 2024 were utilized. QGIS 3.34 helped in map making. Random Forest Classifier, was used for preparing LULC maps. LULC analysis highlights the fact that builtup area has increased at an alarming rate, but vegetation and aquatic vegetation have taken a significant toll. Overall accuracy of the LULC classification for 2001, 2014, and 2024 is 0.94, 0.92 and 0.90 and kappa coefficient is 0.92, 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. NDVI and NDWI have also undergone significant transformation with decline in vegetation and drier than ever conditions in and around the wetland. The research provides a solid base to be carried forward in the future studies of the wetlands and will help in eco-friendly policies.